Difference between revisions of User:Divenal
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I have a background in physics, | I have a background in physics, which carries with it the danger of over-simplying models to make them tractable. (See [[wikipedia:Spherical cow]]). All this messy biology stuff really gets in the way of a nice story. | ||
I would like to think that I'm reasonably capable of expressing technical details succinctly (eventually). However, since I'm brand new to EM, I'm not quite au fait with the details (and orthodoxy) that is being described in the wiki. Hence my conflict between boldness and timidity in editing pages. | |||
Oh, and if I edit or delete something you've written and you think I'm wrong, do say so. And put it back. (And if I delete it again without talking to you about it, call me out on it. It will certainly be because I've forgotten that I'd deleted it previously, and forgot to check the diffs to see that it had been re-added for a good reason.) | |||
---- | |||
This seems like a good place to collect interesting papers that I don't want to lose references to... | This seems like a good place to collect interesting papers that I don't want to lose references to... | ||
Use http://sumsearch.org/cite/ to generate citations. | Use http://sumsearch.org/cite/ to generate citations. | ||
One useful trick to find papers hidden behind a journal paywall... the author (or supervisor, for a PhD student) might keep copies | |||
on their professional home page. (Such as at their institute.) | |||
==Active talk page discussions== | |||
<categorytree mode="pages" hideroot="on" hideprefix="always">Active talk page discussions</categorytree> | |||
==Interesting videos== | |||
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1yIpyitm6eE | |||
shows details of zonnules during accommodation and de-accommodation. | |||
== review paper on the growth mechanism == | == review paper on the growth mechanism == | ||
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To investigate the influence of accommodation on axial length (AXL) and a comprehensive range of ocular biometric parameters) in populations of young adult myopic and emmetropic subjects. | To investigate the influence of accommodation on axial length (AXL) and a comprehensive range of ocular biometric parameters) in populations of young adult myopic and emmetropic subjects. | ||
{{cite journal| author=Mallen EA, Kashyap P, Hampson KM| title=Transient Axial Length Change during the Accommodation Response in Young Adults. | journal=Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci | year= 2006 | volume= 47 | issue= 3 | pages= 1251-4 | pmid=16505066 | doi=10.1167/iovs.05-1086 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16505066 }} | |||
This is the one Jake mentions in blog at https://endmyopia.org/transient-axial-length-change-mainstream-ophthalmologists-dont-understand-myopia/ | |||
Also (don't have a doi for this one): https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2123153 | Also (don't have a doi for this one): https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2123153 | ||
* The first 4 references are for other studies which link near work and accommodation to myopia | * The first 4 references are for other studies which link near work and accommodation to myopia | ||
https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2161845 | |||
Exaggerated longitudinal eye growth is assumed to play an important role in the development of myopia. A significant correlation between refraction and amount of near-work has been reported. | |||
(Off-topic but confirmation biasy...) | |||
A really really old paper (1932) | |||
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002939432902827 | |||
Based on the hypothesis that progression of myopia may result from tension of the extraocular muscles during prolonged convergence in near work ... | |||
https://bjo.bmj.com/content/89/9/1196.full | |||
... The human eye elongates slightly during accommodation,... suggesting that prolonged accommodation might lead to a permanent increase in eye length and myopia. On this basis, reducing accommodative effort might act to reduce myopia progression. | |||
== But maybe it's convergence, not accommodation == | == But maybe it's convergence, not accommodation == | ||
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{{cite journal| author=Nickla DL, Thai P, Zanzerkia Trahan R, Totonelly K| title=Myopic defocus in the evening is more effective at inhibiting eye growth than defocus in the morning: Effects on rhythms in axial length and choroid thickness in chicks. | journal=Exp Eye Res | year= 2017 | volume= 154 | issue= | pages= 104-115 | pmid=27845062 | doi=10.1016/j.exer.2016.11.012 | pmc=5359047 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27845062 }} | {{cite journal| author=Nickla DL, Thai P, Zanzerkia Trahan R, Totonelly K| title=Myopic defocus in the evening is more effective at inhibiting eye growth than defocus in the morning: Effects on rhythms in axial length and choroid thickness in chicks. | journal=Exp Eye Res | year= 2017 | volume= 154 | issue= | pages= 104-115 | pmid=27845062 | doi=10.1016/j.exer.2016.11.012 | pmc=5359047 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27845062 }} | ||
==hyperopic defocus (human)== | |||
{{cite journal| author=Read SA, Collins MJ, Sander BP| title=Human optical axial length and defocus. | journal=Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci | year= 2010 | volume= 51 | issue= 12 | pages= 6262-9 | pmid=20592235 | doi=10.1167/iovs.10-5457 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20592235 }} | |||
This is the one Jake cites on https://endmyopia.org/science-confirms-human-eye-axial-length-change-lens-use/ It's monocular, where the other eye is required to look into the distance in order to inhibit accommodation. | |||
{{cite journal| author=Delshad S, Collins MJ, Read SA, Vincent SJ| title=The time course of the onset and recovery of axial length changes in response to imposed defocus. | journal=Sci Rep | year= 2020 | volume= 10 | issue= 1 | pages= 8322 | pmid=32433541 | doi=10.1038/s41598-020-65151-5 | pmc=7239843 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=32433541 }} | |||
This is the nice one with the maltese cross | |||
==Nearwork-induced transient myopia== | |||
so many to choose from... | |||
{{cite journal| author=Ciuffreda KJ, Vasudevan B| title=Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopia--is there a link? | journal=Ophthalmic Physiol Opt | year= 2008 | volume= 28 | issue= 2 | pages= 103-14 | pmid=18339041 | doi=10.1111/j.1475-1313.2008.00550.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18339041 }} | |||
Myopia is a worldwide public health problem. However, its understanding is incomplete, and many of its preventative and therapeutic aspects remain controversial. Nearwork is a primary, environmentally based factor in the aetiology of permanent myopia (PM), with nearwork‐induced transient myopia (NITM) being a possible contributory component. A relationship between PM and NITM has been suggested, but that connection has remained somewhat indirect and elusive. However, based on recent converging evidence from clinical, laboratory and modelling studies, a five‐fold argument will be advanced for a possible link between PM and NITM. | |||
It is well‐established that nearwork is a primary, environmentally based factor in the development and progression of myopia... | |||
==Evidence that it is elongation that causes myopia== | |||
{{cite journal| author=McBrien NA, Adams DW| title=A longitudinal investigation of adult-onset and adult-progression of myopia in an occupational group. Refractive and biometric findings. | journal=Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci | year= 1997 | volume= 38 | issue= 2 | pages= 321-33 | pmid=9040464 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9040464 }} | |||
Conclusions: The structural cause of adult-onset and adult-progression of myopia is vitreous chamber elongation. | |||
==biofeedback = AF ?== | |||
http://www.accommotrac.com/Accommotrac_Vision_Trainer/AVT.html | |||
https://journals.lww.com/optvissci/Citation/1992/03000/BIOFEEDBACK_TRAINING_FOR_MYOPIA_CONTROL.14.aspx (just first page of a letter to the editor, complaining about) | |||
https://europepmc.org/article/med/1852394 which disses the idea | |||
==astigmatism== | |||
A review : {{cite journal| author=Read SA, Collins MJ, Carney LG| title=A review of astigmatism and its possible genesis. | journal=Clin Exp Optom | year= 2007 | volume= 90 | issue= 1 | pages= 5-19 | pmid=17177660 | doi=10.1111/j.1444-0938.2007.00112.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17177660 }} | |||
Evidence that the internal optics compensate for corneal errors ? (ref 15 of the review) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15134473/ | |||
pubmed offered this as a similar study: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18054373/ | |||
It is well known that the aberrations of the cornea are partially compensated by the aberrations of the internal optics of the eye (primarily the crystalline lens) in young subjects. This effect has been found not only for the spherical aberration, but also for horizontal coma... | |||
{{cite journal| author=Artal P, Benito A, Tabernero J| title=The human eye is an example of robust optical design. | journal=J Vis | year= 2006 | volume= 6 | issue= 1 | pages= 1-7 | pmid=16489854 | doi=10.1167/6.1.1 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16489854 }} | |||
... indicating that the internal ocular optics (mainly the crystalline lens) play a significant role in compensating for the corneal aberrations, thereby producing an improved retinal image. In this paper, we show that this compensation is larger in the less optically centered eyes that mostly correspond to hyperopic eyes. This suggests a type of mechanism in the eye's design that is the most likely responsible for this compensation. Spherical aberration of the cornea is partially compensated by that of the lens in most eyes... | |||