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'''Lens-induced myopia''' is | '''Lens-induced myopia''' is the researched phenomenon<ref>[https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=lens+induced+myopia Google Scholar list of Lens Induced Myopia studies]</ref> that wearing corrective lenses seems to cause myopia to worsen/progress. Typically this occurs when lenses are either too [[overprescribed]], or when someone wears glasses meant for [[distance vision]] during [[close-up]] work. This is speculated to result in [[hyperopic defocus]] from accommodative load, the mechanism likely to be the cause of lens-induced myopia.<ref name="Proteomic analysis of chick retina during early recovery from lens‑induced myopia"> | ||
{{Cite journal |last=Zhou |first=Yun Yun |last2=Chun |first2=Rachel Ka Man |last3=Wang |first3=Jian Chao |last4=Zuo |first4=Bing |last5=Li |first5=King Kit |last6=Lam |first6=Thomas Chuen |last7=Liu |first7=Quan |last8=To |first8=Chi-Ho |date=2018-05-03 |title=Proteomic analysis of chick retina during early recovery from lens‑induced myopia |url=http://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/mmr.2018.8954/abstract |journal=Molecular Medicine Reports |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=59–66 |doi=10.3892/mmr.2018.8954 |issn=1791-2997}}</ref> | |||
The actual mechanism is still an area of active research, but the underlying cause appears to be [[axial elongation]]<ref> | |||
{{cite journal| author=McBrien NA, Adams DW| title=A longitudinal investigation of adult-onset and adult-progression of myopia in an occupational group. Refractive and biometric findings. | journal=Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci | year= 1997 | volume= 38 | issue= 2 | pages= 321-33 | pmid=9040464 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9040464 }} | |||
</ref>. | |||
It has been shown in studies that myopic defocus is protective against myopia progression.<ref name="Long -term effects of optical defocus on eye growth and refractogenesis">{{Cite journal |last=Tarutta |first=Elena |date=2016 |title=Long -term effects of optical defocus on eye growth | It has been shown in studies that myopic defocus is protective against [[myopia]] progression.<ref name="Long -term effects of optical defocus on eye growth and refractogenesis"> | ||
and refractogenesis |url=https://www.pum.edu.pl/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/112849/PomeranianJLifeSci_62-01_025-030.pdf |journal=Pomeranian J Life Sci |volume=62(1) |pages= | {{Cite journal |last=Tarutta |first=Elena |date=2016 |title=Long -term effects of optical defocus on eye growth and refractogenesis |url=https://www.pum.edu.pl/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/112849/PomeranianJLifeSci_62-01_025-030.pdf |journal=Pomeranian J Life Sci |volume=62(1) |pages=25–30}}</ref> | ||
A | A tenant of the [[myoverse]] is that doing [[near work]] in lenses designed for [[distance work]] causes myopia progression. Even if hyperopic blur is not induced by the lenses, the [[accommodation]] system is being constantly stressed and this encourages eye [[axial elongation]].<ref> | ||
{{cite journal| author=Read SA, Collins MJ, Woodman EC, Cheong SH| title=Axial length changes during accommodation in myopes and emmetropes. | journal=Optom Vis Sci | year= 2010 | volume= 87 | issue= 9 | pages= 656-62 | pmid=20562668 | doi=10.1097/OPX.0b013e3181e87dd3 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20562668 }} | |||
</ref><ref> | |||
{{cite journal| author=Mallen EA, Kashyap P, Hampson KM| title=Transient Axial Length Change during the Accommodation Response in Young Adults. | journal=Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci | year= 2006 | volume= 47 | issue= 3 | pages= 1251-4 | pmid=16505066 | doi=10.1167/iovs.05-1086 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16505066 }} | |||
</ref>This is supported by the fact that both [[bifocals]] and [[multifocals]], which allow the eye to use less accommodation to do near work, are protective against myopia progression.<ref name="Can Bifocals Slow Myopia Progression?"> | |||
{{Cite journal |last=Gw |first=Fulk |last2=La |first2=Cyert |date=Dec 1996 |title=Can Bifocals Slow Myopia Progression? |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9286316/ |journal=Journal of the American Optometric Association |language=en |volume=67(12) |pages=749–754 |pmid=9286316 |via=PubMed}} | |||
</ref><ref name="Myopia Progression With Biofocal Soft Contact Lenses - A Twin Study"> | |||
{{Cite journal |last=Aller |first=Thomas |date=2002-12-13 |title=MYOPIA PROGRESSION WITH BIFOCAL SOFT CONTACT LENSES - A TWIN STUDY.: Poster # 142 |url=https://journals.lww.com/optvissci/Citation/2002/12001/MYOPIA_PROGRESSION_WITH_BIFOCAL_SOFT_CONTACT.346.aspx |journal=Optometry and Vision Science |language=en-US |volume=79 |issue=12 |pages=179 |issn=1538-9235}} | |||
</ref><ref name="Myopia Control With Bifocal Contact Lenses: A Randomized Clinical Trial"> | |||
{{Cite journal |last=Aller |first=Thomas |last2=M |first2=Liu |last3=Cf |first3=Wildsoet |date=Apr 2016 |title=Myopia Control With Bifocal Contact Lenses: A Randomized Clinical Trial |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26784710/ |journal=Optometry and Vision Science Supplement |language=en |volume=93(4) |pages=344–52 |pmid=26784710}} | |||
</ref><ref name="Effect of Bifocal Lenses on the Rate of Childhood Myopia Progression"> | |||
{{Cite journal |last=Goss |first=D A |date=Feb 1986 |title=Effect of Bifocal Lenses on the Rate of Childhood Myopia Progression |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3953756/ |journal=American journal of optometry and physiological optics |language=en |volume=63(2) |pages=135–41 |pmid=3953756}} | |||
</ref> | |||
==Near Work Induced Myopia== | ==Near Work Induced Myopia== | ||
It is arguable if near work induced myopia is the same mechanism as lens induced myopia. Both are cases where you are doing work closer than | This term is more heavily associated with [[pseudomyopia]]. Many optometrists recommend the [[20-20-20 rule]] to prevent eye strain,<ref name="American Optometric Association 20-20-20 rule poster"> | ||
{{Cite web |title=American Optometric Association 20-20-20 rule poster |date=2020-05-30 |website=American Optometric Association |url=https://www.aoa.org/documents/infographics/SYVM2016Infographics.pdf |access-date=2020-05-30}} | |||
</ref><ref name="Medical News Today: Does the 20-20-20 rule prevent eye strain?"> | |||
{{Cite web |title=20-20-20 rule: How to prevent eye strain |url=https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321536 |last=Nall |first=Rachel |date=2020-05-30 |website=www.medicalnewstoday.com |language=en |access-date=2020-05-30}} | |||
</ref> which may be the mechanism behind myopia progression. | |||
It is arguable if near work induced myopia is the same mechanism as lens induced myopia. Both are cases where you are doing work closer than [[20/20 eyesight]] finds comfortable, whether that acuity is "natural" (before your first pair of glasses) or with-correction. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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[[Category:Articles]] | [[Category:Articles]] | ||
[[Category:Eye conditions]] |